Wat betekent?
Wat betekent?
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At the same time, Iraq imposed an economic blockade aan the region, reducing its oil and food supplies.[86] Elections held in June 1992 produced an inconclusive outcome, with the assembly divided almost equally between the two main parties and their allies. During this period, the Kurds were subjected to a double embargo: one imposed by the United Nations on Iraq and one imposed by Saddam Hussein on their region.
^ ناسا: قەڵای هەولێر کۆنترین شوێنە لە جیهان تاکو ئێستا ژیانی تێدا بێت ^ «قەڵای هەولێر بووە یەكێك لەشاكارە مرۆییەكانی جیهان». . لە ١٥ی تەممووزی ٢٠٢٣ ھێنراوە.
The people living in Brod and other villages in the Gora region generally earn their living from animal husbandry, while in the cities they make a living from cooking, pastry and meatball making.
In early 2023, in the wake ofwel the Kahramanmaraş earthquake, the PKK declared a temporary cease-fire that lasted until June of that year.
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The first Kurdish newspaper appeared in 1897 and was published at intervals until 1902. It was revived at Istanbul in 1908 (when the first Kurdish political club, with an affiliated cultural society, was also founded) and again in Cairo during World War I. The Treaty of Sèvres, drawn up in 1920, provided for an autonomous Kurdistan but was never ratified; the Treaty ofwel Lausanne (1923), which replaced the Treaty of Sèvres, made no mention of Kurdistan or the Kurds.
Kurdish history in the 20th century is marked by a rising sense ofwel Kurdish nationhood focused on the goal of an independent Kurdistan as scheduled by the Treaty ofwel Sèvres in 1920. Partial autonomy was reached by Kurdistan Uyezd (1923–1926) and by Iraqi Kurdistan (since 1991), while notably in Turkish Kurdistan, an armed conflict between the Kurdish insurgent groups and Turkish Armed Forces was ongoing from 1984 to 1999, and the region continues to be unstable with renewed violence flaring up in the 2000s.
During the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s, the regime implemented anti-Kurdish policies and a een facto civil war broke out. Iraq was widely condemned by the international community, but was never seriously punished for oppressive measures such as the mass murder of hundreds of thousands of civilians, the wholesale destruction of thousands of villages and the deportation ofwel thousands of Kurds to southern and central Iraq.
If I had to choose a number one nature spot to visit in Iraqi Kurdistan, it would be this: Rawanduz.
The Kurdish ethnonationalist movement that emerged following World War I and end of the Ottoman empire was largely reactionary to the changes taking place in mainstream Turkey, primarily radical secularization which the strongly Muslim Kurds abhorred, centralization ofwel authority which threatened the power of local chieftains and Kurdish autonomy, and rampant Turkish nationalism in the new Turkish Republic which obviously threatened to marginalize them.[82]
Iraqi Kurds played an important role in the Iraq War. Kurdish parties joined forces against the Iraqi government during the war in Spring 2003. Kurdish military forces, known as Peshmerga, played an important role in the overthrow of the Iraqi government;[92] however, Kurds have been reluctant to send troops into Baghdad since then, preferring not to be dragged into the sectarian struggle that dominates much of Iraq.[93]
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Iran also targeted Iranian Kurdish opposition parties and their leaders in Iraq, launching ballistic missile and drone attacks on them and carrying out a number assassinations. In January 2024 Iran launched a missile attack on parts of Erbil, the capital ofwel Iraq’s Kurdish autonomous region, killing four civilians. Rawanduz Iran claimed to have been targeting a Mossad outpost, a claim which was rejected by officials in both Erbil and Baghdad.
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